Zainoo Blog

Festa della Repubblica Italiana on June 2

Jun 02 2017

Category: Allgemein Author: Alexander Wagner

Festa della Repubblica Italiana on June 2

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When Italy’s streets and alleys glow in the national colour Savoy blue, when the five-pointed Stella d’Italia decorates large squares, and when the aerobatic demonstration squad Frecce Tricolori performs its artistic show in the skies over Rome’s Imperial Fora, it has to be June 2, Italian National Day. The Festa della Repubblica (Eng. “Republic Day”) commemorates the referendum of 1946, which lead to the abolishment of the monarchy and the foundation of the Italian Republic. However, the Italian public had to endure many hard years to finally get a reason to celebrate.

The road to the referendum

Victor Emanuel II from the House of Savoy was declared King of Italy on 17 March 1861 in Turin, which was the nation’s capital at the time. It was the final act of the Italian unification movement Risorgimento, which facilitated the consolidation of the country’s sovereign regions and principalities. Italy initially became a world power, was one of the driving forces in the colonialization of East Africa and turned Northern Italy into an industrialised hotspot, while the south lagged behind, in some parts even facing devastating poverty.

A catastrophic national crisis struck Italy after the end of World War I. Social inequality and political disputes between Marxist and liberal-conservative parties caused a highly precarious, even dramatic situation that resulted in the rise of fascism. Legitimised by King Victor Emanuel III and authorised to form a government, Benito Mussolini seized power, gradually undermined and, ultimately, eradicated democracy, and formed an alliance with Nazi Germany joining the fascist regime’s side in World War II. Mussolini’s deposition and arrest and the consequent formation of a military government under Field Marshal Pietro Badoglio put an official end to the fascist regime leading to the signing of the Armistice of Cassibile with the Allied Forces on 8 September 1943. Combat in the north, still occupied by the Germans, would last until 29 April 1945.

The referendum of 1946

The heavily discredited Victor Emanuel III abdicated the throne on 9 May 1946, his son Umberto II became King of Italy. Umberto’s power, however, was frozen until 2/3 June 1946, when a referendum, which had already been agreed upon before the change of power, decided on Italy’s future form of government. At the time, Umberto ascending the throne was mostly seen as a strategic step as he was decisively more popular with the Italian people than his father Victor Emmanuel III. However, 54.3% or 12,717,923 Italians – South Tyrol, Trieste and Gorizia didn’t participate – voted for the country to become a republic with only 10,719,284 votes for the monarchy. Umberto II had to leave the country on June 18 and went into Portuguese exile. The constitution prohibited him from returning to Italy.

The government named June 2 Italian National Day in 1948. The festivities took place on the first Sunday in June between 1977 and 2000 before “returning” to June 2 in 2001.

The big parade in Rome

The Festa della Repubblica Italiana is celebrated throughout the entire country on June 2 with various big parades in all cities and many villages. The main festivities, however, take place in Rome. A big military parade to honour the republic has been held every year in front of the Imperial Fora with only very few exceptions – the 1963 festivities were postponed until November due to the passing of Pope John XXIII while those in 1976 were cancelled entirely except for the wreath ceremony because of the devastating earthquake in Friuli. Various units, such as the Army, the Navy, the Financial Guard and the State Firefighters Corps, march in front of the most important holders of state offices in a festive ceremony accompanied by an amazing flyby show by the aerobatic demonstration squad Frecce Tricolori. Next up is the ceremonial laying of a laurel wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. In the afternoon, the gardens of the Quirinale Palace, seat of the Italian president on the Colle Quirinale, are opened to the public. Performances by military bands accompany the festivities.

You absolutely have to experience the Festa della Repubblica Italiana in Roma at least once – find the best travel suggestions on ZAINOO!

Italy´s Liberation Day on April 25

Apr 25 2017

Category: Allgemein Author: Alexander Wagner

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Festa della Repubblica (Eng. “Feast of the Republic”) on June 2 is celebrated as the National Day in Italy to commemorate the referendum of 1946. However, there’s also an unofficial second National Day of similar significance that is celebrated up and down “the Boot”. As the name already suggests, the Anniversario della Liberazione (Eng. “Liberation Day”) commemorates Italy’s liberation from fascism paving the way for today’s Republic. Festivities and demonstrations across the country have been part of every April 25 ever since. The path to liberation, however, was trying.

A date of symbolic value

After two decades in power, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini fled Salò on 25 April 1945 to escape Allied forces – partly because the attempted agreement with the non-communistic wing of the resistance movement Resistenza fell through, partly because information leaked that German troops stationed in Italy were negotiating their partial surrender, which would have put an end to the Republic of Salò. The Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale (CLN, Eng. “National Liberation Committee”) announced the success of the Resistenza and, at the same time, ordered the death of all fascists still on the loose. Upon being captured a few days later, Mussolini was executed. Furthermore, United States Armed Forces freed several large cities, such as Turin and Milan.

As a matter of fact, April 25 mostly is a date of symbolic value, as Italy wasn’t fully liberated until 1 May 1945. The democratisation of Italy, however, started on that very day in April eventually culminating in the referendum of 2 June 1946, the actual National Day. A 1949 bill declared April 25 a national holiday.

Festivities on April 25

The Anniversario della Liberazione bring numerous festivities and demonstrations by veterans, partisans and various anti-fascist groups with it. Frequently, the focus lies on symbolic gestures, for instance when the final piece of the Obelisk of Axum, which Mussolini had brought to Rome in 1937, was returned to Ethiopia in 2005. Every larger town holds its own festivals that can last several days. Bologna, for instance, has the Festa della Resistenza Popolare near its central station, while L’Antifascismo in Piazza has found a home in Milan. Parma holds a series of events all about music, culture and commemoration over several weeks.

Gran Premio della Liberazione

One of the more unusual traditions of April 25 sees the transmission of a former amateur road bicycle road now reserved for under-23 riders by Italy’s national public broadcaster RAI. The actual sportive value of the Gran Premio della Liberazione is secondary at best, because the race held at the Baths of Carcalla in Rome, which was first contested in 1946 on the first anniversary of Italy’s liberation, has symbolic value above all. The ladies’ race has been held on the same route since 2016.

Combine your trip to Italy with joining in the festivities of April 25 and find the best suggestions for your next holiday on ZAINOO!

The top 10 sights of Sicily

Mar 27 2017

Category: Travel Tips Author: Alexander Wagner

It’s the largest of all islands in the Mediterranean Sea and a popular destination for city trips and beach holidays. We’re talking about Sicily, located southwest of the Italian boot tip. The triangle-like-shaped island is made up of over 80% of mountains and hills with several active volcanos, gorges, rivers and a total of 1,152 km of coastline with some of the most beautiful beaches in the entire world. Beyond the glorious, multifaceted nature, the equally diverse sights documenting different cultures are just as impressive. Discover all of that and much more with the top 10 sights of Sicily!

Mount Etna

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Europe’s highest volcano affects life on Sicily more often than not. Mount Etna still erupts fairly regularly, even though there fortunately haven’t been any severe catastrophes in quite a while. Surrounded by approx. 400 adventive craters, you absolutely must visit Mount Etna, which was declared World Natural Heritage by the UNESCO in 2013. Travel to imposing crater sceneries on foot, by car or cable car. The narrow-gauge railway Ferrovia Circumetnea circles the volcano on an approx. 110-km-long route starting in Catania accompanied by traces of millennia-long eruptive activities. Due to its altitude of approx. 3,323 m, there’s even a small ski region on Mount Etna in winter.

Spiaggia dei Conigli outside Lampedusa

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You’ll find some of the most beautiful beaches in the world on Sicily. Some of them are tough to reach, but those somewhat remote, difficult-to-access spots are particularly worthwhile. One of them is the Spiaggi dei Conigli on an isle just a few metres outside the southwest coast of Lampedusa. No-one really knows where the name “Rabbit Island” comes from, but you certainly won’t find any fluffy bunnies here. The beach, however, is truly awesome. While the path across the stone steps will demand quite something from you, the clear turquoise water certainly is worth it.

Cathedral of Syracuse

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Ortygia, the historic city centre of Syracuse, had already been populated in the Bronze Age and is home to numerous architectural beauties. Today’s Santa Maria delle Colonne, the Cathedral of Syracuse, is located on the former site of a Greek Temple of Athena dating back to the 7^th century BC with the more modern temple even reusing some parts of that very same ancient temple. Passing the masterful baroque front, you come across a mix of several epochs including an ancient rock baptistery and numerous medieval statues of saints.

Catania Cathedral

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Unlike the Cathedral of Syracuse, the one in Catania is much younger. Sant’Agata was built on the Roman Achilles thermae, where Saint Agatha died the death of a martyr. Built in the late 11^th century by the Normans, the imposing cathedral was reconstructed and converted several times over the course of the following centuries with the weighty baroque splendour only having been removed a few decades ago. You’ll come across various sarcophagi and reliquary caskets inside the cathedral containing the remains of members of the Aragonese royal house and those of Saint Agatha herself.

Valle dei Templi in Agrigento

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The Greek roots of the city of Agrigento in Sicily are located on a high plateau slightly below today’s city core and are thus also called “Valley of the Temples” by the public. The archaeological sites declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 grant deep insights into ancient settlement history. Join a guided tour to the impressive ruins of temples, gardens, sanctuaries and necropolises, and cap off your visit by going onto Poggetto San Nicola with the archaeological museum and ruins of the administrative centre of the ancient town.

Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina

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Just like the Greeks, the Romans were also quite active in Sicily. How active, you ask? The Villa Romana del Casale near the small town of Piazza Armerina provides deep insights into the luxurious lifestyle of erstwhile times. Probably built during the second half of the fourth century, you’ll come across well-preserved ruins of the former country house. The mosaics survived the centuries very well. They are now protected by a canopied construction modelled after the villa and absolutely need to be seen.

Noto’s historic city centre

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A devastating earthquake destroyed Noto Antica, predecessor to today’s Noto, in 1693. Only ten years later, an entirely new Sicilian baroque-style city arranged around a rectangular grid system was built. This ideal of the late baroque period with numerous magnificent buildings invites you to go on an unforgettable round tour. Countless churches with the tremendous cathedral as their highlight, fascinating palazzi and the museum combining modern art with ancient finds from the region let you dive deep into a unique architectural vision rightfully declared UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Erice

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While Noto makes late-baroque dreams come true, Erice takes you back to pre-Christian days. The walls of the city located on a mountain and connected to the valley by cable car date back to Punic times. Erice was abandoned in Late Antiquity and initially occupied by the Arabs before being populated by the Normans, who added mighty towers to the ancient walls. Be enchanted by the stylistic plurality, which is probably captured best in the church. Built in 14^th-century Gothic Chiaramonte style, the inside certainly displays much younger neo-Gothic design.

Cappella Palatina in Palermo

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Palermo’s Palazzo Reale located in the medieval city centre already is an imposing building as such. However, if you don’t have enough time at hand to tour the entire palace, you should at least visit the Cappella Palatina on the first floor. It combines the Byzantine Rite and the Roman Rite, both of which have different reading orders for its respective iconographies and clash in a fascinating manner in the chapel adorned with marble, wood and porphyry. Pictorial representations from the Old and the New Testament, figurines of angels, and fine mosaics are framed by massive marble pillars.

Teatro Greco in Taormina

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Despite its name, Sicily’s second-largest ancient theatre is a Roman construction dating back to the 2^nd century BC and was built on a smaller Greek theatre. Originally a centre of drama, later years saw bloody bestial and gladiatorial combats take place here. Teatro Greco remains well-preserved to this day. Enjoy the amazing panoramic view of Mount Etna and the sea that will have your imagination run wild during the numerous modern events and concerts held in ancient ambiance. The next-door archaeological museum houses a marble pedestal referring to the ancient Olympic Games.

But that’s not all by a long shot! Sicily has far more to offer from its wide, almost endless coastal strips to fascinating ancient buildings and ruins. Find the best travel suggestions fo the largest Mediterranean island on ZAINOO. Have you already booked your holiday?

Italy´s best travel destinations 2017

Mar 15 2017

Category: Travel Tips Author: Alexander Wagner

Slowly but surely, the next holiday season draws nearer. Millions of tourists from around the world will swarm Italy in 2017 to experience fascinating cities, endless beaches and culinary delights. Divinely inviting, diverse and multifaceted travel destinations from north to south are waiting for visitors from near and far. Every village, every area, every metropolis represents one of many different, inspiring, and breathtakingly beautiful aspects of Italy. You cannot wait to visit the country and its people, to relive history, kick back on the beach and taste delicious pasta? Italy’s best travel destinations 2017 are already waiting for you – and we’ve compiled the best suggestions for you!

Pistoia

Tuscany has an abundance of beautiful cities and equally gorgeous sceneries. You’ve probably been to Florence, Siena, Pisa and Lucca before. This year, we recommend visiting Pistoia. “Little Florence”, as the town is also known due to its many magnificent buildings and art treasures, is Italy’s 2017 capital of culture. Located near Lucca and Florence, you get to look forward to a slightly different kind of city trip. Pistoia is everything but a touristic hotspot. Instead you get to experience characteristic Tuscan charm and lively, energetic hustle and bustle.

Passing the 3-km-long town walls, which were completely restored specifically and just in time for the 2017 festivities, your first stop is the town square, site of the annual wild horse race Giostra dell’Orso in July. The octagonal baptistery in classic 14^th century Gothic style truly is glorious, both inside and outside. Numerous cultural events, festivals and exhibitions are part of the cultural capital programme. There’s no doubt that you have to include Pistoia on your 2017 itinerary!

Sorrento

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Browsing the big travel platforms shows that most holidays in Italy will again be spent in metropolitan areas or massive beach resorts. Still, one small town sticks out: Sorrento, situated in the metropolitan city of Naples, has been a wildly romanticised travel destination of mostly European guests for many centuries. While that won’t change in 2017, the unbroken fascination for this small piece of land on the Sorrentine Peninsula continues to surprise. After all, it seems as if time stood still here. The gentle pastel colours of the houses, the old fisher boats, the wide beaches – you probably remember this characteristic Italian atmosphere from childhood movies.

Little has changed since. Small cafés and restaurants line your walks on the beach inviting you to take a seat and sample local delicacies. At the same time, there’s a mystical air to Sorrento. The town’s name can be traced back to the ancient word for the dangerous sirens – creatures that used to confuse seamen with their songs. According to legend, even Odysseus once passed by Sorrento. Today, you’re enchanted by the glorious clear view across the sea and stop by the nearby coast of Amalfi for a small excursion. That’s La Dolce Vita at its best!

Tropea

As an alternative to classic destinations, increasingly more travel organisations focus on Calabria in 2017. The tip of the Italian boot has become very fashionable – not only because it’s mostly Italians spending their holidays here allowing you to get a taste of the characteristic Italian lifestyle. We highly recommend going to Tropea. The village itself is situated on a 40-m-high rock on the beach of the Tyrrhenian Sea surrounded by many other such rocks, one of which is home of the picturesque pilgrimage church Santa Maria dell’Isola. Despite having become a popular tourist destination, Tropea managed to retain its original charm. Experience gorgeous beaches, the clear sea and a charming old village centre in the romantic heart of Italy.

Lake Garda

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Lake Garda is currently seeing a massive surge in popularity as an alternative to the usual beach holiday. Its sheer variety makes the approx. 52-km-long lake at the foothills of the Alps so very attractive. The shore regions from north to south feature various cultures, sights and holiday offerings. And then there’s the lake itself. You absolutely must take a dip in the cold water in summer or let the cool breeze carry you during a lake cruise or while sailing. The north bank is mostly home to surfers, climbers and mountain bikers who all love and enjoy the multifaceted topography. All sorts of theme parks can be found near the south bank. Canevaworld combines movie fun with water action for the entire family – an absolute treat on hot days. Fun fairy-tale worlds and shows for the little ones meet gripping rollercoaster rides and exciting, action-packed attractions for older children and teenagers in Gardaland. Rediscover the classic travel destination Lake Garda in 2017!

Solda at the Ortles

Sure, Italy probably isn’t the first country that comes to mind when thinking about skiing holidays, but you shouldn’t miss out on the north of the country with some of Europe’s best and most popular winter sport regions. Less than 400 people live in Solda, yet the small village in the heart of Stelvio National Park is more than just an insider’s tip. Surrounded by fourteen 3,000-metre peaks, four ski lifts within the village transport you to the small but nice ski region with 44 km of slopes. The ideal altitude allows you to fully relish in the downhill pistes from November to May and to explore the magical winter wonderland during horse-drawn carriage rides and winter hikes. The cute small museums in the village are mostly focused on snow, ice and alpinism. Reinhold Messner himself established the underground Messner Mountain Museum Ortles, which opened in 2004.

Rome

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Seriously though, did you really expect us to forget about the Eternal City? Rome continues to amaze. Writers and poets have been raving about Italy’s capital with its exciting fusion of old, mostly ancient history and modern stylings for centuries. There’s certainly something in it for you, too, between sightseeing tours, shopping dreams come true, fine culinary art, and trips to the amazing hinterland. If you don’t have anything planned for Easter, you’ve got to experience the massive festivities on St. Peter’s Square. Get a taste of the religious and spiritual side of the city from the big mass on Palm Sunday to the procession on Good Friday to the papal blessing “Urbi et Orbi” with exclusive insights into the inner workings of Vatican City. Estate Romana (“Roman Summer”) takes over from June to September with open-air concerts, virtuosic jazz performances, fashion shows and lavish celebrations. There’s a lot to experience on every weekend – best book today!

Don’t forget that Italy has even more – way more – to offer! Amazing cultural hotspots, incredibly long and beautiful beaches, glorious islands, picturesque lake areas, and humongous winter sport regions will certainly put you under their spell. Find many additional travel suggestions for Italy that will make your holiday year 2017 an unforgettable one. Better book now before it’s too late!

The top 10 sights of Lazio

Feb 15 2017

Category: Travel Tips Author: Alexander Wagner

Rome, the Eternal City. Thinking about Lazio, Italy’s capital is probably what first comes to your mind. With its fascinating history and numerous hotspots, you need to, no, absolutely must visit it. However, the region in Central Italy by the Tyrrhenian Sea has so many more small treasures and places worth seeing to offer between its never-ending coastline and the Abruzzo limestone mountains. We therefore show you the best of both worlds within the top 10 sights of Lazio: Rome’s most attractive highlights and lesser-known pearls throughout the entire region you shouldn’t miss by any means.

Colosseum in Rome

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It hardly comes as a surprise that we start our tour in Rome. The imposing Colosseum built between 72 and 80 AD is situated east of the Roman Forum. The biggest amphitheatre ever built in the entire world used to be the site of brutal, bloodthirsty events. Nowadays, the ruins of this monumental structure are Rome’s main landmark. Each and every city tour inevitably leads to this benchmark of Roman architecture. Feel the special allure of the 80 entrances with their arches and take a look at the Colosseum’s innovative basement structure. History becomes palpable here.

St. Peter’s Square in the Vatican City

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It is probably the most famous square in the world and located in the heart of Rome. Not only that, St. Peter’s Square is also the centre of the Vatican City. Stop by St. Peter’s Basilica right in the middle of the centre of power of the smallest country in the world (total area: only 0.44 km²!). Rome’s largest papal basilica houses the tomb of the apostle Paul plus numerous other papal tombs and reliquary caskets. Don’t sleep on the Vatican Museums! These papal art collections contain fascinating works from all over the world and, among other places, lead you to the legendary Sistine Chapel.

Trevi Fountain in Rome

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Recently restored, the Trevi Fountain currently depicts its original allure that skilfully captures the spectacular transition from the late baroque period to Classicism. Fed by an ancient aqueduct, which dates back to pre-Christian times, you will be enchanted by the fountain’s grand architecture in no time. Surrounded by a triumphal arch, the fountain’s motif deals with the force of the elements. The pieces made from marble and Travertine stone depict gods and mythical creatures. The Trevi Fountain shines particularly beautiful at night.

Abbey of Saint Scholastica in Subiaco

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A young Benedict of Nursia retreated to one of the Subiaco caves around the year 500, where he spent three years living as a hermit. He later returned to this place to establish an abbey in a villa. 13 more abbeys were to follow over the course of the next 20 years, but the Abbey of Saint Scholastica in Subiaco still outclasses all of them. Assuming today’s appearance in the 12^th century, nine arches built closely to the rock face display imposing power from the outside. The upper church features numerous frescoes from the Sienese School of painting dating back to the 14^th and 15^th century. Admire the oldest still preserved portrait of Francis of Assisi in the Chapel of Saint Gregory.

Abbey of Monte Cassino

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Benedict of Nursia also founded the mother monastery of the Benedictine Order in the Province of Frosinone. The abbey complex is situated in the middle of the downtown area of Cassino on a 516-m high hill. A cloister leads you into the hallowed halls that used to be the site of a temple consecrated to Apollo. The stairs lined by two statues lead to the upper Renaissance cloister. Saint Benedict found his last rest in the abbey cathedral.

Villa d’Este in Tivoli

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Districts, sporting grounds, theatres – you’ll find various Tivolis all across Europe. The town of the same name located 32 km east of Rome is known for its Este villa. The pompous building was commissioned by Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este turning a Benedictine monastery into an impressive palace. Numerous ceiling fresco line the way of your tour of the villa. The gardens on the downward sloping hill are probably even more famous. Their terraces, ramps and stairs lead to the main garden with three fish ponds and various arcades. Enjoy the view of the picturesque valley!

Castello Orsini-Odescalchi in Bracciano

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A series of eruptions of the now dead Sabatino volcano once created the idyllically located Lake Bracciano. The noble families Orsini and Borgia had a medieval lakeshore fortification turned into a commanding castle in the 15^th century. As the name already suggests, the Castello is now in possession of the Odescalchi family. The military architecture of the Renaissance architecture has been perfectly preserved to this day. Several celebrities, such as Michelle Hunziker and Eros Ramazzotti or Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise, got married here.

Catacomb of Callixtus in Rome

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Did you know that there are around 60 ancient underground cemeteries hidden in Rome? The Catacomb of Callixtus was the first Christian catacomb and was named after the bishop of Rome, who died in 222 AD. Situated on the Appian Way, you are lead through a narrow corridor with sepulchral niches to the crypt, where 16 popes, predominantly from the 3^rd century, are buried. Around one hundred martyrs and leading church dignitaries found their last home here.

Castel Gandolfo

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When the summer heat between July and September makes life in the papal palace in the Vatican City virtually unbearable, the pope moves into his summer residence in the palace of the small town of Castel Gandolfo at the edge of the crater of Lake Albano. Built on the ruins of an ancient summer palace, the 55-ha large estate features numerous wells and grottos, orchards and vineyards. While the public is not allowed to enter the residence, many believers meet every Sunday at 12 am in the summer months in front of the main gate to join the pope in prayer.

National Park of Circeo

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Find one of the oldest Italian national parks in southwestern Lazio. Parco Nazionale del Circeo was originally founded in 1934 to the protect the by now drained swamps of the Pontine Plain. Today’s 84.4 km² large park can be roughly divided into five main habitats: forest, promontory, the littoral dune, the humid area, and the island of Zannone. Be enchanted by the fascinating combination of classic Mediterranean nature and the remnants of swamp vegetation during your walks and hikes!

As you can see, Lazio has even more to offer than just its amazing capital Rome. Find many more travel tips for the region and the Eternal City on ZAINOO with the best tour suggestions, world-famous sights and small but nice insiders’ tips. Nothing stands in the way of your next trip to Italy now!

The top 10 sights of Molise

Jan 26 2017

Category: Travel Tips Author: Alexander Wagner

Aosta Valley aside, Molise is Italy’s smallest region in terms of total area and population, and even remained part of Abruzzo until 1963. With its area made up from 55% mountains and 45% hills leading to the coastal strip, you get to experience drives and hikes across mountains and valleys. At the same time, Molise managed to retain its glorious nature and evidence of erstwhile cultures as Roman urbanisation advanced poorly here. Combining primeval elements, unusual castle constructions and enchanting spectacles of nature, the top 10 sights of Molise will certainly wow you.

Castello Pandone in Venafro

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

The Lombards built the first tower high above the historic town centre of Venafro in the westernmost part of Molise. Spaniard Francesco Pandone, Earl of Venafro, gave the castle today’s Renaissance look in mid-15^th century. A look inside will probably have you wonder about his odd taste. 26 life-size horse pictures line the walls. The Castello rooms are also home to Museo Nazionale del Molise, where paintings from abandoned and discontinued churches have found another home.

Santuario dell’Addolorata in Castelpetroso

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

Virgin Mary appeared to believers in the region Cesa tra Santi in Castelpetroso on 22 March and 1 April 1888. Many other appearances would follow right until the 1970s, but a miracle in November 1888 that saw the cure of a 12-year-old suffering from bone tuberculosis led to the construction of a church, which took 87 years. Today Santuario dell’Addolorata wildly rises high forming a fascinating scenic symbiosis with the surrounding mountains due to its pointed, jagged façade.

WWF nature reserve Guardiaregia-Campochiaro

WWF nature reserve Guardiaregia-Campchiaro, Molise

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

A nature reserve curated by the WWF on a current total of 3,135 hectares was installed in 1997. It protects the picturesque region of Guardiaregia-Campochiaro and its natural diversity between mountains and valleys. The reserve is known for its richness in species. Wolves have found a home here as have spectacled salamanders, the symbol of Guardiaregio-Campochiaro. Wander through the reserve on many paths, such as the comfy hiking trail San Nicola leading you past gorges and falls in 90 minutes. If you’re lucky, you might even see birds of prey circling above you.

Abbey of San Vincenzo al Volturno

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

A church built mid-5^th century near the river Volturno in the municipality Castel San Vicenzo became one of the most beautiful abbeys in Molise. Destroyed multiple times and rebuilt painstakingly, today’s San Vincenzo al Volturno is home to an order of Benedictine nuns from Connecticut. All around you see the ruins of several previous buildings that have since been turned into a huge archaeological excavation site of sorts. New aspects of the millennia-old history of the region, which had already been populated by the Samnites in pre-Christian times, are discovered continuously. You must have seen it to believe it!

Castello Svevo in Termoli

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

A fairly weirdly shaped tower castle looms large at Termoli’s coast. Sadly, Castello Svevo looks incomplete, partly because it was heavily damaged during attacks by the Venetian fleet in early 13^th century before being restored and reinvented by Emperor Fredrick II, partly because a severe earthquake caused substantial damage resulting in even more renovations. Even though the parapet walk of the high, square tower is missing, its uniquely sloped shape alone with unusual miniature round bastions makes the Castello a truly special sight.

Fontana Fraterna in Isernia

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

Even sights are recycled in Isernia, capital of the province of the same name and also Molise’s third-largest city. The public fountain Fontana Fraterna was built from Roman and Romanesque materials and completely refurbished in 1835. Six water fountains surrounded by unusual arcade constructions are protected by various structural layers. If you look a little bit closer, you should recognise Roman flower motifs, godly epigraphs and references to the fountain’s construction period.

Termoli Cathedral

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Similar to many other ecclesiastical constructions in Molise, Termoli Cathedral can look back at an eventful history. With roots dating back to the 6^th century, it had been severely damaged time and time again by earthquakes and Ottoman attacks, yet has always been restored. While the upper part of the façade is mostly unadorned, small pillars and figurines support the 22 m high building. The inside, too, impresses with its simple and clear design ever since the belatedly added baroque clutter has been removed during renovation works. The classic yet fascinating house of prayer still wows visitors to this day.

Parco delle Morge Cenozoiche del Molise

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

During the geological era Cenozoic, approx. 66 million years ago and thus after almost all dinosaurs had become extinct, Europe and all other continents developed due to the upfolding of the Alps and the Himalaya. The Morge – enormous geological formations towering right in the middle of Molise’s hilly country – developed during this particular era, too. A special park is dedicated to the fantastic natural spectacle. Discover this fascinating region during a guided tour and explore old cave settlements and ritual places used for protection and spiritual contemplation. Hiking, biking, climbing and trekking – there virtually are new highlights every day between the ten park municipalities.

Campitello Matese

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

The stretched geographical location of Molise not only allows you to enjoy a quiet beach holiday. You can even go skiing and snowboarding in winter in the west of the region. There was one single alpine hut for shepherds in all of Campitello Matese until the 1960s. Only one decade later the entire mountain region had been turned into 40 km of slopes. In summer you get to enjoy extensive hikes and mountain climbing tours in the Apennines with scenic beauties serving as your backdrop.

The Samnite theatre complexes of Pietrabbondante

Samnite theatre complexes of Pietrabbondante, Molise

©Molise Turismo | www.moliseturismo.eu

Originally native to Campania’s coasts, the Samnites migrated further inland in the 2^nd century BC settling in Pietrabbondante among other places. The municipalities weren’t urbanised by the Romans, which is why you still come across substantial evidence of the ancient Italic people eradicated in 82 BC. The sweeping theatre complexes are particularly awe-inspiring. Up to 2,500 spectators could be seated in the auditorium. Scientists believe that the complex used to serve as a Samnite meeting place.

Old populaces and new rulers, pilgrimage sites and reservations are waiting for you when rambling across the land. The top 10 sights of Molise introduce you to the small but nice region with all its diversity. Find even more suggestions for your next trip to Italy on ZAINOO!

The best Christmas dishes and drinks in Italy

Dec 14 2016

Category: Allgemein Author: Alexander Wagner

Being the home of pizza, pasta and fine wines, Italy is widely – and for good reason – regarded as a culinary hotspot with export hits going around the world. But what about the Christmas cuisine? Europe’s boot welcomes its guests with a series of regional specialties. Sweet or sour, light or savoury, Italy’s Christmas dishes, desserts and appropriate Christmas drinks constantly inspire connoisseurs anew. Find the country’s culinary highlights with a tasty mix of traditional meals and regional insiders’ tips here.

No meat on December 24^th

©Bigstock.com/gheorauris

First off: There’s a widespread tradition in most of Italy of not serving meat on the evening of December 24^th. This habit is based on Catholic belief. Instead an extensive multi-course menu is prepared. The focus clearly lies on fish dishes and seafood. For starters, numerous antipasti (appetisers) with vegetables, pasta and fish are served, then a special course with pasta dishes and fish. The main course, again, puts fish on the plate. Presents are opened afterwards.

What’s next?

Traditional Christmas lunch takes places on December 25^th and must only consist of dishes from the ground (alla terra). Meat, salami, ham, meat sauces and various roasts put an end to the short-term meat fast. Cheese comes with most lunches. Delicious desserts are served afterwards. Contrary to other countries, December 26^th isn’t much of a Christmas holiday. Most Italians eat out, visit friends and family.

Christmas fish dishes

©Bigstock.com/Mihai Ursea

Every region has its own special fish dishes served on December 24^th. Fried eel (capitone) and dried cod (baccalà fritto) are particularly popular even beyond the coastal strips. Italians prefer to have their pasta with seafood, such as spaghetti with Venus clams. Apulia serves Orata alla pugliese – gilthead seabream made with potatoes, carrots and celery, and refined with pecorino or parmesan.

Pollo al riso

A great variety of meat dishes is essential to the feast on December 25^th. Poultry is mostly used for appetisers. Pollo al riso, i.e. fowl with rice, is common in all of Italy. Meat and rice are cooked separately. The bones are removed carefully after cooking and cooling. All fat is removed from the generated chicken broth. Cook the rice and chopped up meat in the broth and serve it as a soup.

Christmas roast

There are as many roast variations in Italy as there are regions. December 25^th wouldn’t be Christmas without an arrosto. While poultry is mostly served as part of the first courses, beef and veal dominate the main course. Served mostly with potatoes, some vegetables and gravy, this dish promises full stomachs and stimulating conversation. Some regions alternatively serve duck or goose.

Meat and roast all across Italy

What’s for Christmas dinner in Italy’s individual regions? Sicily, for example, serves Farsumagru, a rolled beef roast filled with ham, tomatoes and various cheeses. Tuscany takes its inspiration from the forest. Wild boar ragout is served with plums, herbs and vegetables. Venison roast with tagliatelle is equally well-liked. Porchetta, a dish served all year, is popular as well during Christmas. Dressing the rolled, grilled pork belly is time-consuming, the delicious result, however, speaks for itself.

Panettone

Italy’s Christmas cuisine wouldn’t be complete without desserts. Panettone (also known as panetón in Peru) originated in Milan, but has since spread over most of the country. Crystallised fruit and raisins are added to the soft, kneadable wheat sourdough baked in a paper cuff. This creates the famous cupola shape with a height of approx. 20 cm. Sweet wine, such as Moscato or Spumante, is served with these delicious slices.

Other sweet sins

Those with a sweet tooth look forward to even more Christmas treats. Verona is famous for its star-shaped cookie Frolle di Santa Lucia or the Panettone-like cake Pandoro, which also has a star shape and is sprinkled with icing sugar. Torrone is an integral part of Piedmont’s Christmas cuisine. The bar-shaped white nougat is usually made with hazelnuts and a layer of wafer on the outside. South Tyrol, however, focuses on Christmas cookies and fruitcake. Campania is famous for its honey cookies Susamelli or the sponge pastries Diviniamore. Umbria, however, sees the production of Rocciata di Assisi, a particularly delicious apple pie.

A look inside the glass

Italy’s Christmas drinks fit the dishes served. While many roasts are served with stronger wines, light and sweet drinks usually accompany the Christmas menus. Desserts are usually served with light and tangy wines – Spumante and Moscato are prime examples. White mulled wine, that is the white wine alternative to the classic Christmas drink – is rather popular. Dinner menus usually see the inclusion of a nice cup of coffee. Wine by the glass usually accompanies an arrosto, while the fish dishes on December 24^th best go along with wines such as Soave or Prosecco.

Can you already feel your stomach rumbling? Your mouth starts to water just thinking about all of these dishes and drinks! Spend Christmas and the days leading up to the festivities in Italy – ZAINOO features the best travel suggestions with numerous cultural highlights, the best shopping options and other culinary delights.

The Neapolitan nativity set

Dec 02 2016

Category: Allgemein Author: Alexander Wagner

According to legend, Saint Francis of Assisi asked a man called Giovanni Vellita to build the first nativity set in the 13^th century. This holy scene served as backdrop for his Christmas mass. Nativity sets had already spread all over Italy only a few years later with the oldest written documentation of production dating back to 1384. Today you find nativity sets in many countries around the globe. One of the most famous such scenes has its origins in Naples, where there’s even a special street dedicated to these sets.

What makes the Neapolitan nativity set so special?

Building such a set is regarded as a craft in Naples, which is still practised in many places. A classic Neapolitan nativity set shows the everyday life of the public in the 18^th century, even though religious scenes are pushed into the background. You get to see the cooking farmer’s wife, the pizza baker at the wood stove or a laundress performing her duty, for example. Infant Jesus and his family are depicted as well and assume a prominent role, yet they don’t take centre stage.

When is the nativity scene set up?

Christmas tree or nativity set – a question of principle for many Italian families that can lead to arguments. Whatever dominates the living rooms is usually set up on December 8^th. Infant Jesus, however, shouldn’t be put into the set before midnight between December 24^th and 25^th. The Christmas tree as such is a comparatively young tradition and only entered the homes of Italian families in the 1950s. These days you frequently find both a tree and a nativity set in living rooms from north to south.

Naples’ nativity street

There are many builders of nativity sets in Naples, but one street in particular is widely regarded as the home of this immensely beautiful craft. Numerous shops and studios offering sets, figurines and accessories line Via San Gregorio Armeno in the historic city centre. It is known as nativity street with good reason. The Via is all about classic Neapolitan nativity sets. You won’t just find depictions of the Holy Family and the Magi, but also those figurines that are typical for Naples’ early city life: fishmongers and fruiterers, washers, bakers, butchers, farmers, or chestnut vendors. Hand-carved masterpieces and colourful plastic figurines join the classic Neapolitan talismans corni – red horns that supposedly protect from evil looks. In Advent season, Via San Gregorio Armeno turns into the city’s largest Christmas market.

Nativity set exhibition at the Museum of San Martino

You’d like to learn more about the history of Neapolitan nativity sets and see some of the most beautiful examples from up close? Then it’s off to Castle Sant’Elmo on the eponymous hills in the district of Vomero, home to the Monastery and Museum of San Martino (Certosa e Museo di San Martino), where the most important collection of Neapolitan nativity sets in all of Italy is housed. The large nativity set Cucinello is probably the most famous exhibit. It was consecrated in 1879 and named after Michele Cucinello, who bequeathed his collection with approx. 800 figurines to the city of Naples. Different ways of lightning simulate the times of day in this nativity scene set in a reproduced grotto. The museum is also home to numerous works of art from different eras of the city, which are just as worth seeing as the terraced garden of the monastic complex.

If you are interested in nativity sets, you absolutely have to visit Naples. Here you get to experience various modes of this Christmas tradition between old customs and modern influences. Plan your trip to Italy with ZAINOO – here you find the best suggestions for your next holiday!

Italian Christmas customs

Nov 16 2016

Category: Travel Tips Author: Alexander Wagner

All festivities have their customs and traditions. This also – and in particular – applies for Christmas. Italians celebrate four times before, during and after the holidays. Some customs exist in the entire country; others are specific to certain regions or cities. Several different festivities are strung together between December 6^th and January 6^th. Learn more about Italian Christmas customs and the different holidays here.

San Nicola on December 6^th

As opposed to many other, particularly German-speaking countries, St Nicholas’ Day carries comparatively little meaning in Italy even though it marks the start of Advent. San Nicola is traditionally celebrated on December 6^th. Parents surprise their children with small presents and sweets. As the festival of Santa Lucia already takes place one week later, all Nicholas’ celebrations are fairly limited.

Santa Lucia on December 13^th

In 300 BC, a very young woman living in Syracuse on Sicily called Lucia was supposed to get married, but delayed the wedding because she wanted to dedicate her life to God and instead established an institution for the poor and sick. December 13^th is the feast day of the saint, who was executed because of her marriage refusal. Children look forward to small gifts waiting on window sills or in shoes on the day of the carrier of light. The dessert Torrone dei poveri made from sugar and chick peas commemorates Santa Lucia in Sicily.

How Christmas is celebrated in Italy

For a long time, December 24^th carried little meaning in Italy. The day only gained considerable importance in recent years. No meat is served for religious reasons; the dinner menu instead consists of different fish dishes combined with pasta and vegetables. Afterwards, many Italians play the bingo-like tombola. The time for opening presents is different from family to family. According to tradition, all unwrapping happens on the morning of December 25^th. However, gift-giving increasingly takes place after the evening feast on December 24^th. Nativity set and/or Christmas tree have already been set up on December 8^th, Immacolata Concezione. Christmas Day, December 25^th, is celebrated with an extensive lunch feast. Several courses with soups, meat, pasta, desserts and fitting wines promise constant indulgence. While December 26^th is a holiday as well, it’s mostly used for visiting family and friends.

Characteristic Italian Christmas customs

Beyond this general subdivision, there are many more customs to be found in individual cities and regions. Your ZAINOO Italy experts have compiled a few peculiarities and traditions for you.

Ceppo di Natale

A widespread Italian custom sees the ceremonial burning of a hallowed piece of wood in the fireplace. Ceppo di Natale, also known as Christmas block or Yule log, is sprinkled with wine by the patriarch while saying a prayer in Lombardy. More often than not, Panettone is eaten with this custom. Three pieces are cut off the cake and one is left over to secure good fortune and health for the following year.

Cesenatico’s sea of light

The roots of the nativity set lie in Italy. It comes as no surprise that many traditions and customs are all about wooden figurines and displays of all sorts. Cesenatico at the coast of the Adriatic Sea in Emilia-Romagna sends old fishing boats of the local museum into the waters. When the dark of night covers the region in Christmas, bright lights shine upon the figurines of the Holy Family carved from wood.

Companions of Infant Jesus

The divine infant finds companionship in rather unusual characters in Sicily. A pizza baker, a pastor with a wine glass and an innkeeper, and orange- and lemon trees assemble around Bambino Gesù representing the jovial, colourful joie de vivre of the island.

The live nativity scene of Alberobello

Italy’s nativity sets have a long-standing tradition. Some families even argue over whether they should place a Christmas tree or a nativity set in their home. It hardly comes as a surprise that there are numerous live nativity scenes throughout the country with its most famous version located in Alberobello, home of the Trulli, in Apulia. The three Magi, accompanied by shepherds, bands and costumed groups, process to the church square, where the Holy Family is already waiting in a live nativity scene.

La Befana on January 6^th

The fourth and final part of the Italian Christmas festivities takes part on January 6^th or Twelfth Day when the witch La Befana rides her broomstick across the roofs. Good children receive gifts, naughty children wake up next to small pieces of coal. According to lore, the three Magi knocked on Befana’s door and asked her to come with them to Bethlehem. The witch, however, wanted to finish her weaving first and followed later. She missed the star of Bethlehem and has been straying across the world looking for Infant Jesus ever since. January 6^th is accompanied by many small festivals, events and attractions for children and is widely regarded as one of the most important, most beautiful family days of the year.

The approximately month-long Christmas festivities in Italy are an experience for all ages between contemplativeness and exuberance. Every place, every family has its own customs and traditions, special gift ideas and menus. Experience Christmas in Italy in all of its glory with the ZAINOO travel suggestions!

The top 10 most beautiful Christmas markets in Italy

Nov 07 2016

Category: Allgemein Author: Alexander Wagner

Contemplativeness and anticipation of the festivities take centre stage in Advent for both children and adults. Christmas carols, cookies and mulled wine or punch create a unique atmosphere regardless of weather. There’s a great tradition of Christmas markets in Italy, even without any snow whatsoever. Find the top 10 of the most beautiful Christmas markets in Italy from north to south here as your ZAINOO experts reveal the quaintest December locations.

Santa Lucia Christmas market in Verona

Verona knows many a Christmas market throughout November and December with the one dedicated to Saint Lucia on Piazza Bra outside Verona Arena probably being the most famous. Many colourful stands with handicrafts and tasty delicacies are already waiting for you. The traditional sweet Frolle di Santa Lucia, a star-shaped Christmas cookie, is an absolute must. Verona’s historic backdrop quickly creates a fittingly reflective mood.

Milan’s Christmas markets

As soon as November turns into December, you can find a Christmas market on almost every corner of Milan. Few other Italian cities dedicate themselves as much to the pre-Christmas spirit. Piazza del Duomo has particularly neatly adorned streets and stands with charming nativity sets waiting for you. Families with children need to visit the fairy-tale village at Giardini Pubblici. Numerous attractions for the little ones and a special ice skating rink promise heaps of fun and joyful children’s laughter.

Brixen’s Advent market

When the pre-Christmas period puts its quiet, reflective spell on Brixen’s historic city centre, people bare their hearts. The large Advent market on Cathedral square in particular attracts friends of traditional handicraft. If you’re interested in carvings, pottery and woodwork, you’ve come to the perfect place. While children yearn for the arrival of Saint Nicholas on December 5^th, adults are looking forward through a romantic ride through the historic city centre in a horse-drawn carriage.

Natale in Laguna in Venice

How about a pre-Christmas trip to the lagoon city of Venice? The virtually endless canals are lined by festive lighting and a reflective atmosphere. Natale in Laguna, the Christmas market on Campo Stefano, combines local delicacies with concerts. Experience Advent mood at the most beautiful Venetian sites during the event series Inverno Veneziano. Piazza San Marco is home to one of Italy’s largest Christmas trees.

Piazza Navona in Rome

It goes without saying that you’ll find an abundance of Christmas markets in Italy’s capital Rome. If you only have time to visit a single one, it has to be the Advent market on Piazza Navona. Be enchanted by the captivating atmosphere and lighting on one of the world’s most famous squares and listen to divine concerts in the surrounding roads and alleys.

Bologna’s Christmas markets

Bologna is home of many inspiring Christmas markets emanating a reflective atmosphere and a feeling of security from late November to Twelfth Day. The best way to discover the city’s pre-Christmas beauty is to go on a cosy walk from Advent market to Advent market. Similar to Verona, Bologna has a market dedicated to Saint Lucia at Santa Maria dei Servi. Fiera di Natale at Bologna Cathedral also needs to be part of your itinerary – Bologna’s traditional Advent site warms people’s hearts.

Siena’s Piazza del Campo

Visiting Siena’s Piazza del Campo usually means being an observer of the world-famous horse race Palio. What if you visited the most important square of the Tuscan city in the pre-Christmas period? Mercato del Campo usually takes place on the first weekend of December and only lasts two days, but both days are pretty spectacular. Christmas atmosphere meets classic Italian market experience here. You’ll come across cookies and Christmassy handicraft just as much as regional culinary delicacies from olive oil to pasta. If you like to shop, you must check out the Mercato!

Naples Christmas Alley

Via San Gregorio Armeno is home of numerous woodworking shops and thus also called “Christmas Alley” (Via del Presepe). The road becomes Naples’ largest Christmas market in late November. Delicate chocolates and pralines, children’s toys and, naturally, breath-takingly beautiful nativity sets are sold here. You can’t help but marvel while strolling up and down this very special market.

Borgo Dora in Turin

Turin’s historic district shines particularly bright in the pre-Christmas period. Borgo Dora is home of a very special Christmas market that combines traditional local delights with international crafts and treats. Look forward to delicacies and creative handicraft from Finland, Russia or Japan by approx. 150 exhibitors. Stop by the nativity museum and wrap up a great day with a neat cup of mulled wine.

Bolzano’s Christmas market

Experience a hint of Christmas in the mountains in the heart of the city on Bolzano’s Walther Square. The Dolomites serve as backdrop for this gorgeous market framed by several Christmas trees. Surrounded by nativity sets, food- and handicraft stands, dark chocolate and the famous cinnamon walnut strudel are waiting for new sweet-toothed homes. Divinely beautiful fairy lights shine just as bright as the snow-covered mountain summits.

Be enchanted by these ten Christmas markets from the warm, sunny south to the snow-covered mountains in the north. Why not combine your Advent visit with a short holiday – find many great suggestions for a stay in Italy on ZAINOO!

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The best Christmas dishes and drinks in Italy

The Neapolitan nativity set

Italian Christmas customs

The top 10 most beautiful Christmas markets in Italy

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